Begriffsglossar
Fachbegriffe und Know-how zum Sachgebiet Jutegarn und Juteseil kurz erklärt. Englische Version!
A
- Aranawa (Jp.) Straw/grass rope
- Artillery Loop (Jp. Yoroimusubi) knot with a loop on the bight
- Asa (Jp.) cannabis (Cannabis sativa); hemp (plant); hemp (fibre); linen; flax (fibre); jute (fibre)
- Asanawa (Jp.) any rope made from bast fibre (flax, hemp, jute)
B
- Baku (Ko. Jp. Zh.) orig. Han Chinese, restraint
- Balance (esp. twisted; cabled rope) the dynamics whereby yarns (and multiple ply yarn, if used), strands and rope is twisted together to counteract tensions and prevent eg. recoil
- Bark (esp. jute) hard, wiry, woody short filaments from the plant cane inner wall
- Bast Fibre durable filaments from the phloem of certain eudicot plants, especially flax, hemp and jute
- Batching a process used to spray an oil-water-emulsifier mixture onto jute filaments to aid softening ahead of yarn production
- Batching Oil oil used in the batching process
- Becket Bend see Sheet Bend
- Birdcaging fault where rope strands loosen and open from proper lay
- Bight (Jp. Gashira) the loop generally in the middle of a doubled rope
- Blemish (esp. jute) fibre damage caused by insects, bacteria, disease, etc.
- Book Knot (Jp. Honmusubi) see Reef Knot
- Bowline (Jp. Moyimusubi) knot used to make a non–slipping loop
- Braided forming by plaiting or weaving together strands
- Break (esp. natural fibre yarn) generally caused by breakage by loss of an impurity or mechanical fault in manufacturing, or by excessive twist dynamics
- Breaking In method of attempting to soften and smooth esp. jute rope by rubbing against a hard surface
- Breaking Strength (esp. rope) stress at which a rope fails. NB. (esp. bast fibre rope) the International Standards Organisation (ISO), Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN), Japanese Standards Association (Ippan-zaidanhōjin Nihon Kikaku Kyōkai; JSA), etc. refrain from giving norms or standards for the breaking strengths of bast fibre ropes due to the incongruity of the medium used
- Butter blend of oil and wax used to condition jute rope
- Butterfly Loop (Jp. Cyukansyamusubi) alpine butterfly knot; lineman’s loop or rider forming a fixed loop in a rope
C
- Cabled; cabling forming by twisting together strands
- Cambium (esp. jute) harder surface of the inner plant wall separating the xylem stem
- Carding (esp. bast fibre) mechanical combing of filaments into a uniform direction
- Carpet Yarn (esp. jute) medium–heavy weight yarn produced for the carpet industry
- CB (esp. jute) carpet backing yarn grade for weaving looms
- Chain Stitch (Jp. Kusarinawa) loop stitch, a series of loops forming a chain–like pattern
- Cinch see Latch
- Circle knot (Jp. Marumusubi) Somerville Bowline bidirectional lashing knot
- Clove Hitch (Jp. Makimusubi; Tekkamusubi) fastening to a spar or rope made of two half hitches in and lines emerging in opposite directions
- Coating process used to spray onto yarn to reduce hairiness and/or add strength/lustre
- Coherence fastness; integrity of a twisted yarn or rope
- Conditioning (esp. jute rope) process to enhance by blending in oil–wax butter to add body
- Cortex (esp. jute) fleshy part of the plant in which filaments grow used for yarn
- Cow Hitch (Jp. Hibarimusubi) see Lark’s Head
- Criss–Cross (esp. rope) diagonal method of winding hawser
- CRM Carpet Rugs Master. Van de Wiele carpet backing weaving loom launched 1995, now discontinued of which the same CB carpet backing weaving yarn grade is specified
- Croppy Fibre (esp. jute) sticky/rough filaments from the top of the plant
- CRP Carpet Rugs Pioneer. Van de Wiele carpet backing weaving loom launched 2007 of which the same CB carpet backing weaving yarn grade is specified
- CRT Carpet Rugs Tronic. Van de Wiele carpet backing weaving loom launched 1999, now discontinued of which the same CB carpet backing weaving yarn grade is specified
- CRX Carpet Rugs Xavier. Van de Wiele carpet backing weaving loom launched 2003, now discontinued of which the same CB carpet backing weaving yarn grade is specified
- Cuticle (Bot.) thin film covering the surface of plants
- Cutting (esp. jute fibre) hard, sharp outer plant cane chip from harvesting
D
- Double Column Tie (Jp. Soucyūmusubi) single column tie with additional overhand knot forming a secure Reef Knot
- Drawing (esp. bast fibre) mechanical overlapping of combed filaments
- Dressing (esp. natural fibre rope) method of equating imbalance produced when rope has been damaged in use, eg. pushing finger/s between strands, by gripping/rubbing along the rope in both directions to try to regain balance
- Dust (esp. natural fibre rope) loose content picked up during production twisted into yarn/strand/rope
E
- End (Jp. Nawashiri) open rope ends (but not knots)
F
- Fence Lashing see Square Lashing
- Fibre material composed of filaments
- Filament individual fine thread; fibre or fibril
- Fisherman’s Knot (Jp. Tegusumusubi) knot to join two ropes of equal thickness consisting an overhand knot or double overhand knot by each rope round the other
- Foundation Rope (Jp. Motonawa) first rope being used
- French Knot (Jp. Tamadome) ornamental stitch of three or four loops
- Fundoshi (Jp.) loincloth; sash underwear
- Furoshiki (Jp.) wrapping cloth
- Futamusubi (Jp.) two half hitches
G
- Gashira (Jp.) top; head; loop, see Nawagashira
- Gekamusubi (Jp.) figure 8 double loop or surgical knot (ligature)
- Granny knot (Jp. Katatoki honmusubi) incorrect, insecure version of a reef knot where bights cross in the wrong direction
H
- Habijabi (Bengali) tangle; clump in a yarn
- Hachinojimusubi (Jp.) figure–of–eight knot
- Hakodome (Jp.) box knot or lashing
- Half Hitch (Jp. Hitomusubi; Katamusubi) overhand knot, where the rope end is brought over and under the standing part and slips easily along line around which it is made
- Hashi (Jp.) end of tie or rope
- Hawser (Jp. Tawara; Tsutsumi) bale of rope
- Hayanawa (Jp.) lit. fast rope; rapid tying
- Hessian (esp. jute yarn) medium weight yarn for weaving cloth, general packing, linoleum and carpet backing applications
- HG–CB High Grade-Clean Batch Tossa jute yarn batched with vegetable oil for longitudinal strength applications, eg. rope
- Hibarimusubi (Jp.) cow hitch; lark’s head
- Hitoetsugi (Jp.) sheep bend; sheet bend; becket bend; weaver’s knot or hitch
- Hitomusubi (Jp.) half hitch
- Hitotsumusubi (Jp.) overhand knot
- Honmusubi (Jp.) book knot
- Hunka (Bengali, esp. jute) hard/strong cuticle outer layer of plant that may be present in low quality yarn
- Hydrophilic (esp. jute) action of filament cells to absorb liquid (esp. water) generating fattening and shortening
I
- Imbalance (esp. natural fibre rope) produced when yarns (and multiple ply yarn, if used), strands and rope are imperfectly twisted together producing inequal tension/s, or when the rope has been damaged in use, eg. pushing finger/s between strands
- Ipponnawa (Jp.) lit. one rope; to tie using only one rope
J
- JBO Jute Batching Oil, a cheap, readily available petroleum–based mineral oil
- Jute Count British colonial imperial measurement of weight in pounds of 14,400 yards of yarn quantity
K
- Kakinemusubi (Jp.) fence or square lashing
- Kannuki (Jp.) see Latch
- Katamusubi (Jp.) see Slip Knot; Half Hitch
- Katatoki honmusubi (Jp.) Granny Knot
- Kazarinawa (Jp.) lit. decoration rope (without eroticism or sadomasochism)
- Kinbaku (Jp.) binding tightly; tight binding; sexual rope bondage
- Knurling series of bumps; knobs; knurls on the surface of twisted rope when manufactured from multiple–ply yarn
- Komamusubi (Jp.) Reef Knot
- Kannō (Jp.) sensuality; carnality
- Kannōnawa (Jp.) sensual/carnal rope; erotic rope: 1980s Nureki Chimuo
- Kusarinawa (Jp.) Chain Stitch; loop stitch
- Kutcha (Bengali) raw jute fibre local market grading system (Top, Middle, B-Bottom, C-Bottom and X-Bottom)
L
- Lark’s Head (Jp. Hibarimusubi) cow hitch, knot used to attach rope to object
- Latch (Jp. Kannuki) girding cinch
- Lay Ratio (also Lay Length) measurement of looseness/ tightness of rope twist
- Loop see Bight
- Loop Knot (Jp. Wakkadome) knot with a fixed eye, eg. Bowline
- Loop Stitch (Jp. Kusarinawa) see Chain Stitch
- Lustre radiance or luminous brightness of yarn or rope material
M
- Magnus Hitch (Jp. Sanjyūmusubi) similar to Clove Hitch, used to tie rope to a pole, spar or another line
- Maki (Jp.) to wind around; to wrap around; to coil around, (esp. Shibari) wrapping
- Makimusubi (Jp.) Clove Hitch
- Mamusubi (Jp.) Reef Knot
- Marlinespike Hitch (Jp. Tekomusubi) temporary knot used to attach a rod or rope to another to form a handle
- Marumusubi (Jp.) Circle Knot; Somerville bowline knot
- Mikinawa (Jp.) trunk rope dispersing weight in suspension
- Morah (esp. jute) bale of folded filaments
- Motonawa (Jp.) foundation; first rope being used
- Moyimusubi (Jp.) book knot; occ. bowline knot
- Mudanawa (Jp.) rope used purely for aesthetics
- Multiple–Ply single yarns, generally of lower fibre quality twisted together, eg. 2–ply, 3–ply, etc.
- Munter Hitch (Jp. Nodome; Nonojikake; Nonojitome) Italian hitch; crossing Hitch, adjustable knot to control friction
- Musubi (Jp.) knot
N
- Nawa (Jp.) cord; rope
- Nawagashira (Jp.) loop generally in the middle of a rope (see Gashira)
- Nawashiri (Jp.) rope ends (not knots)
- Nawasuji (Jp.) rope fibre; rope pattern
- Nodome (Jp.) Munter Hitch
- Nonojikake (Jp.) alternative name for Nodome
- Nonojitome (Jp.) alternative name for Nodome
O
- Obliquity slant; slope direction. Neither perpendicular nor parallel to yarn or rope
- Otokomusubi (Jp.) Square Knot
- Overhand Knot (Jp. Hitotsumusubi) (esp. natural fibre rope) stopper securing the end from fraying
P
- Parallel (esp. rope) parallel method of winding hawser
- Phloem (esp. bast fibres) vascular bundles forming plant tissue
- Piling (esp. jute) to stack morah bales into piles for set time to allow batching oil to penetrate and soften fibre
- Ply filaments twisted into yarn and, if multiple, the number of yarns twisted about themselves (as opposed to twisted into a strand)
- Pucca (Bengali) raw jute fibre international market grading system (BW–special, BW–A, BW–B, BW–C, BW–D, BW–E for White jute; BT–special, BT–A, BT–B, BT–C, BT–D and BT–E for Tossa jute)
R
- Recoil (esp. twisted; cabled rope) dynamic whereby yarns (and multiple ply yarn, if used), strands and rope are imperfectly twisted together producing unequal tension
- Reef Knot (Jp. Komamusubi; Mamusubi; Otokomusubi) square knot; book knot, binding knot used to secure rope around an object; rope
- Retting soaking in water to aid removal of fibre from woody tissue
- Ring Knot (Jp. Wadome) water knot; tape knot; ring bend; grass knot; overhand follow–through used to join two ends together
- Rolling Hitch see Magnus hitch
- Rope line or cord commonly twisted or braided from strands of yarn
- Root (esp. jute fibre) significantly weaker material runners from plant root grown under the soil surface in wet or damp conditions
- Runner (esp. jute fibre) lengths of root material present in filaments and fibre
S
- Sacking (esp. jute yarn) low grade medium/heavy yarns used for sacks and bags
- Sanjyūmusubi (Jp.) Magnus Hitch
- Seme (Jp.) torture; torment; persecution; sadomasochism, equiv. SM; S&M (1970s)
- Semenawa (Jp.) sadomasochistic rope: 1980s Nureki Chimuo
- Sheep Bend see Sheet Bend
- Sheet Bend (Jp. Hitoetsugi) sheep bend; becket bend; weaver’s knot or hitch, knot for joining ropes of differing diameter
- Shibari (Jp.) binding
- Singeing (esp. jute rope) burning off filament hairs in clean blue flame
- Single Column Tie unidirectional lashing knot
- Single–Ply yarn of fibres twisted about itself representing the cleanest form for rope–making
- Slip Knot (Jp. Katamusubi; Katamusubi) see Half Hitch
- Slither (esp. jute) ribbon of post–carded and drawn filaments ready for twisting into yarn
- Somerville Bowline see Circle Knot
- Soucyūmusubi (Jp.) Double column Tie
- Speck (esp. jute) small spots; areas damaged by bacteria, insects, etc.
- Spool see Hawser
- Square Knot (Jp. Otokomusubi) see Reef Knot
- Square Lashing (Jp. Kakinemusubi) also fence lashing, used to bind spars at right angles to another
- Stem (Jp. Michinawa) road/path rope vertical over the spine
- Stop (Jp. Tome) fastener
- Strand one of a number of yarns twisted together to form rope
- Stranding where a strand slips around the lay and projects above the surface due to irregularity in length with other strands
- S-Twist (rope) left-handed twist/lay
T
- Taba (Jp.) bundle of rope, commonly secured when not in use
- Tegusumusubi (Jp.) Fisherman’s Knot
- Tekkamusubi (Jp.) Clove Hitch
- Tekomusubi (Jp.) Marlinespike Hitch
- Thistle Knot Matthew Walker’s knot (Royal Navy 1808) decorative knot to prevent rope end from fraying
- Tome (Jp.) stop; fastener
- Tossa (Jp. Ouma) golden; yellow; nalta, corchorus olitorius variety of jute
- TPI Twist per Inch, British Imperial measurement of the number of rotations in yarn, strands and rope
- Trunk (Jp. Mikinawa) rope to disperse weight in suspension
- Tsubaki Oil camellia oil; tea seed oil from seeds of the camellia japonica plant
- Tsukamaki (Jp.) wrapping the end of the rope around a stem, see Maki
- Tumble Drying (esp. jute rope) process method to dislodge loose fibre and/or blend in oil–wax butter for conditioning
- Twine thread or string of thick yarn strands twisted together
- Twist looseness/tightness a rope is twisted (see Lay Ratio)
V
- VOT Vegetable Oil Treatment, plant–based alternative to petroleum mineral–based JBO
W
- Wakkadome (Jp.) Loop knot or binding
- Waste (esp. natural fibre rope) foreign bodies, often picked up into yarn or rope during manufacturing
- Weaver’s Knot/Hitch see Sheet Bend
- White Jute (Jp. Coma) corchorus capsularis variety of jute
- Whipping (esp. rope) cord, thread, twine, etc. wound about the end of rope to prevent unravelling
X
- Xylem (esp. jute) woody central strong core of the plant
Y
- Yarn (esp. rope) thread of aggregate of fibres twisted into twine or strands then twisted into rope
- Yarn Weight see Jute Count
Z
- Z-Twist (rope) right-handed twist/lay